Map-drawing



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. M B. sm..

MAP DRAWING. No. 280,965. Patented J 1y 10, 1883.

A Homey 2 Sheets-Sheet 2..

(No Model.)

J. 1v1. is. SILL.

oo. oo oo 1li 0| l Vu 1 .u Tu d DU t n DU I LIU W/ T11/E SSE S Harney N PETEH mummy-wher. wnhxngxon. DJ;

Partnr Omen.

4JOHN M. n. sILL, or DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

MAP-DRAWING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 280,965, dated July 10, 1883,

` Application filed April 13, 1883. (No model.)

To au whom it may con/cern:

Be it known that I, JOHN M. B. SILL, of Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Art of Map-Drawing; and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.v V

My invention consists in an improvement in the art of inap-drawing, hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a plan view illustrating my improved guide-point tablet.

Fig. 2 is a view in which guide-points and border-indicating marks are connected, there by constituting an explanatory chart.

Heretofore systems of map-drawing which have been introduced have been found to be complex and cumbersome, and for this reason it has been found diicult, to a considerable degree, to instruct pupils in map-drawing by said systems. It is acknowledged by instructors` generally that' map-drawing is very essential'inacquiring a knowledge of geography, and to` this end a system is needful which shall avoid the distortion liable to occur in freehand drawinga system simple, easily under! usefulness, and a system -is demanded which' shall not only embody the requisites already mentioned, but shall at the same time be s'o economical as to admit of general use. Itis evident that in the use of any system a knowledge of map-drawing must be obtained and facility gained therein byrepeated practice, and consequently it is essential that this' practice` may be secured without destroying the facilities and guides furnished'to the pupil.

It is the object of Vmy invention to overcome the diiiiculties named, and to provide an improved system which shall embody and furnish these essential requisites. I accomplish this object as follows: Y

First, I provide what I term a guide-point tablet, l l the tablet itself provided with an erasable-surface,77 preferably upon both its sides, and also with indelible guide-points,I byconlguide-lines for the map desired. ,marks may be'different on the same surface necting which suitable guide -lines will be formed for drawing the desired map. The tablet will be provided with two or more sets of guide-points, each set differing from other sets upon the same surface, one set of said points answering as guide-points for drawing the guide-lines of one country, while another set of said points serves to guide the pupil in drawing the guide-lines of some other country or State. I provide said tablets also with suitable eorner marks or points7 by connecting which a suitable border-line is provided for a given map. I design to construct said tablets, oreach erasable surface thereof, with suitable explanations of the guide-points, so that the pupil will easily understand what kind of guide-points to connect in order to have the The cornerfor the border-lines of different maps; or they may, for sake of simplicity, be alike, as their location horizontally and perpendicularly to eachother will readily indicate what cornermarks to connect for the border-line desired. To this end, as illustrated in Fig. l, two dashes at right angles to each other, and a star or other guide-points in the angle so formed, designate the northeast corner, and two dotted lines at right angles to cach other, and containing a guide-pointV in the angle so formed, represent` other cornersto guide the drawing of the border-lines. A system of dots represents the guide-points for drawing the guidelines for a map of Europe. A system of crosses represents the guide-points for drawing the guidelines of a map of North America. A system of stars represents the guide-points for drawing the guid e-lines of a map of South America, while a system of different guidepoints may serve to guide the pupil in drawing theguide -lines of any other desired country. The tablet is provided with a number of different sets of guide-points for drawing the guide-lines of different maps. These guidepoiuts, being made small, will not interfere with the general outline of any given map, nor

serve to confuse the pupil, as all that is required to do in drawing any desired map is, first, to connect in order the guide-points designated for that purpose in the explanations with which the tablet is provided. Vhenthis practice has been completed and a different IOO map is desired, the vone already drawn may be erased, the guide-points still remaining, and another may be drawn upon the tablet, the same tablet and the same system of guidepoints serving for practice during the entire course of the pupil in map-drawing for said countries, or until he has become perfectly familiar with the outlines of said countries.

In order to make this system more complete, and more easily acquired and taught, I'design also to provide, second, an explanatory chart, on which the guide-points illustrated in Fig. l

shall be suitably connected bythe desired guidelines, as illustrated in Fig. 2. This tablet serves as a pattern or copy for the pupil to follow in connecting` the guide-points upon his erasable tablet to form the desired guidelines for any given country, the second tablet in it,-

self explaining and illustrating the .operation desired of the pupil upon his guide-point tablet. Moreover, it is often found desirable in reviews, examinations, and for other purposes to have maps of various countries drawn by the pupil in permanent form upon paper to preserve for exhibition, for which the erasable l to make it a stencil as well as an explanatory chart, perforations may be made with a pin or other suitable instrument through the center of each guide-point; or these perforations may be made when the chart is manufactured. Then, by laying the chart upon the paper upon which the map is to be drawn, the guide-points for any country may be made by dotting the paper, through they holes thus made, with a sharp pencil-point or otherwise. I therefore call this second device (illustrated in Fig'. 2) a stencil and explanatory chart,77 said chart designed to \accompany my improved guidepoint tablet, said chart containing in substance the requisite explanations of the purposes for seen, is adapted to be made of permanent use,

as it will readily serve for anydesired length l of practice of the pupil upon the countries embraced thereon, all that is requisite forthe pu-` pil being a set of maps constructed with sim'i-l lar guide-lines, and a set .of guide-point tablets` having an erasable surface, and a set of stencil and 'explanatory charts, each of which tablets f and charts answers for the maps of several countries.. It is evident, therefore, that my improved system is an economical one, while it is clearly comprehensible and may be easily followed. The guid'epoints are arbitrary points, said points being represented by any desired mark, the guide-lines also being arbitrary in their nature, only being such as to readily and efficiently serve the purpose for which the guide-lines are used.

I would have it understood vthat I do not points or any particular location thereof', or

l any particular configuration ofthe guide-lines,

as any suitable guide-point mightl be used. They might be located at any suitable points, and the guide-lines might form an entirely different configuration from those illustrated in the accompanying' drawings..

For greater clearness I design to construct `the stencil and explanatory chart with guidelines for differentcountries, varying from each `other in appearance, as shown in Fig. v2, said confine myself to any particular form of guidey variation of appearance being in the different y coloring ofthe lines, or ofl any other obvious difference ofy construction, so that the guidelines upon said chart for different countries will not he confused with each other. The `maps provided for points on each lsurface ofthe erasable tablets, it

by thisA system of guide;

will beseen, will be drawn on the same scale.

I would have it understood-that I design to include in the term ychart7 its use as a stenc ilto guide the pupil in xing guide-points upon another surface, for the purpose already indicated. Said chartl may loe-made of any suitable material, and also the tablet.

What I claimis- A. tablet with an erasable surface, provided with a series of similar and dissimilar guidepoints, each series of y similar guide-points adapted to be connected by straight lines to forma diagram to aid in drawing a map-outline, andallof said diagrams forming the appropriate outlines of several maps, substanltially as described.-

which it is designed. This chart, it Willbe vlllitnesses:

.N. S. WRIGHT A. E. INGLIs.

IOO 

